quinta-feira, 16 de maio de 2013

Relative Pronouns


1 – Before reading the text.

Look at the picture and tell me how does she feel ? Happy or sad? Why ?

What do you think can be causing it ?

Now look at the theme and titles and let’s analyze one by one.


STRESS


Stress

Stress is a fact of life in the modern world. Many people
have lifestyles that do not allow enough time for the rest
and the relaxation necessary for good mental and
physical health. Because these people do not relax,
they feel pressure and tension. These affect both
the mind and the body in important ways.

Mental Effects

People who are stressed out usually cannot think clearly or concentrate well. They become less efficient, even though they may work harder than before. Workers who feel stress often spend many extra hours in the office doing work that they have to repeat. They may feel angry or lose patience with other workers who are only trying to do their jobs. They may feel that other people are causing problems for them. They may not take responsibility for the mistakes they make.

Physical Effects

Stress has physical as well as mental effects. Common health problems that stress can cause include headaches, backaches, and stomachaches. People who are feeling stress can experience changes in blood pressure, have bad digestion, or even get ulcers. Some people feel exhausted all the time, while others have trouble falling asleep at night.

Controlling Stress

People who feel a lot stress need to learn to control it. The experts recommend steps that include getting regular exercise, eating a healthful diet, and learning relaxation techniques. People can reduce the amount of stress they feel when they learn these healthful habits.


Vocabulary

Enough = suficiente                                  health = saúde                    mind = mente
Body = corpo                                           to become= tornar-se         even though = embora
To lose = perder                                     mistakes = erros                  aches = dores
Changes = mudanças                             blood = sangue                  even = até mesmo
Healthful = saudável                                amount = quantia               to learn = aprender


2 – Answers the questions below:

a)    What do many people have ?
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b)    Can people who are stressed out think clearly ?
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c)    Who spend many extra hours doing repeated work?
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d)    What are the most common health problems that stress can cause?
_______________________________________________________________________
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e)    Who can experience changes in blood pressure?
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f)     Who need to learn to control stress ?
_______________________________________________________________________
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g)    What do experts recommend to control stress?
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_______________________________________________________________________

3 – Relative Pronouns.

"We can kill two birds with a stone."


The relative pronouns are used as the subjects or objects of verbs, like other pronouns; at the same time, they join clauses together, like conjunctions.

The mechanic fixed my car. The mechanic lives near my house.
The mechanic who / that fixed my car lives near my house.


3.1 – Quando o antecedente for pessoa e o pronome relativo exercer a função de sujeito, usa-se:

The man who / that  played the violin was a dancer.


3.2 – Quando o antecedente for pessoa e o pronome relativo exercer a função de objeto, usa-se:

                        The girl who / whom / that  / (-) Sarah saw in the circus was


3.3 – Quando o antecedente for coisa ou animal e o pronome relativo exercer a função de sujeito, usa-se:

                        The tambourine which / that  was on the table belongs to Jerry.
                        The horse which / that  was in the stable belongs to the gypsy.


3.4 – Quando o antecedente for coisa ou animal e o pronome relativo exercer a função de objeto, usa-se:

                        The tambourine which / that / (-) was on the table belongs to Jerry.
                        The horse which / that / (-was in the stable belongs to the gypsy.


3.5 – Quando o pronome relativo vier precedido de preposição, usa-se sempre, whom, quando se refere à pessoa, e which, quando se refere a coisas ou animais.

                        The scientists about whom we were talking wrote a book.
                        The dogs to  which David gave food is sick.


3.6 – O pronome relativo whose  (cujo(a/s)) estabelece uma relação de posse e é usado com qualquer antecedente.

                        I have just seen the woman whose  son studied the stars.
                        Newton formulated laws whose  principles were essential to the Einstein’s theory.
                        The horse whose  owner is gypsy works in a circus.


3.7 – Quando o pronome relativo prestar uma informação adicional, ele

            a) sempre virá entre vírgulas;
            b) nunca poderá ser introduzido por that;
            c) e não poderá ser omitido.
                       
The Titanic, which was a very big ship, crashed into an iceberg.
                        Einstein, whose theory is famous, was not American.
                        Shakespeare, who wrote Romeo and Juliet, was English.
                        Dr. Braun, who / whom I saw in the lab, received a Nobel Prize.


4 – Exercise: supply with the correct alternative.

a)    Who, whom, that, (-)                                  e) whom
b)    Who, that                                                     f) which
c)    Which, that, (-)                                            g) whose
d)    Which, that                                                  h) who                       i) Who, whom


1.    John Kennedy, ________ was an American president, was shot in Dallas in 1963.

2.    The woman ________ you gave a gift is my sister.

3.    I can’t find the book ________ I bought yesterday morning.

4.    The nurse ________ baby is sleeping is an excellent mother.

5.    The table on ________ Susan put her books cost 200 dollars.

6.    Dickens, ________ masterpieces were great, lived in London.

7.    The science ________ studies matter and energy is called physics.

8.    Peter saw the man ________ you talked to at the party.

9.    Dr. Swam, ________ I saw in the lobby, received a great award.

10. The scientist ________ discovered penicillin was Fleming.

11. Venice, ________ is the city of lovers, is in Italy.

12. We have just seen the airplanes ________ were used in World Wor II.

13. The girls with ________ we studied are the best students in our class.




POST-READING ACTIVITY

Who's Stressed in America?
By Meredith Melnick Friday, November 19, 2010 (healthlandtime.com)

Survey findings have consistently shown that the majority of Americans are living with moderate (4–7 on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 means you have little or no stress and 10 means you have a great deal of stress) or high (8–10 on a scale of 1 to 10) levels of stress, and while they understand that this is not healthy, they're stymied in their efforts to make changes.
Agora, vamos pesquisar sobre como anda o nível de stress no Brasil, no sudeste ou no Rio de Janeiro.

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