PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

= Pretérito Perfeito Composto

Usos

• expressa ações que aconteceram em um tempo indefinido no passado; I have studied French lately / recently. = Eu tenho estudado (estudo) francês ultimamente / recentemente.
• expressa ações que começaram no passado e continuam até o presente; Linda has lived in London since 2001. = Linda tem vivido (vive) em Londres desde 2001.
• expressa ações que aconteceram durante um determinado período no passado; Linda has taught English for 10 years. = Linda ensinou inglês por 10 anos.
• expressa ações que aconteceram várias vezes no passado. Deborah and I have seen that TV program many times. = Deborah e eu temos visto (vimos) aquele programa de TV muitas vezes.

Estrutura

to have in the present + past participle of the main verbs
 = o verbo ter no presente + particípio passado do verbo principal =

to work / to study / to prefer / to go / to be

I have worked / studied / preferred / gone / been

You have worked / studied / preferred / gone / been

He has worked / studied / preferred / gone / been

She has worked / studied / preferred / gone / been

It has worked / studied / preferred / gone / been

We have worked / studied / preferred / gone / been

You have worked / studied / preferred / gone / been

They have worked / studied / preferred / gone / been

Adverbs

since = desde
       Mary has worked for Esso since 2005. = Mary tem trabalhado (trabalha para a Esso desde 2005)

for = há, por
       Robert has lived in São Paulo for 3 years. = Robert viveu em São Paulo por 3 anos.

just = acabar 
       Sarah has just arrived home. = Sarah acabou de chegar a casa.

already = já
       The children have already played soccer. = As crianças já jogaram futebol. 
       Have the children already played soccer ? = As crianças já jogaram futebol ?

yet = já, ainda
       Have the children played soccer yet ? = As crianças já jogaram futebol ?
       The children haven't played soccer yet. = As crianças ainda não jogaram futebol. 

ever = alguma vez já
       Have you ever been to Milan ? = Você alguma vez já esteve em Milão ?

never = nunca
      Susan has never gone to New York. = Susan nunca foi à Nova Iorque.


Affirmative Form

Na forma afirmativa, conjuga-se o verbo logo após o sujeito. O verbo to have (ter) é conjugado no presente, e o verbo principal é conjugado no particípio passado.

Subject + to have (have/has) + past participle

I have worked at JBM since 1998.  = Eu tenho trabalhado na JBM desde 1998.

Susan has taught English for twelve years. = Susan ensinou inglês por 12 anos.


Negative Form

Na forma negativa, acrescenta-se o advérbio de negação (NOT) após o HAVE ou HAS de acordo com o sujeito e antes do particípio passado do verbo principal.

Subject + to have + NOT + past participle

I have not worked here since 1997. = Não trabalho aqui desde 1997.

have not = haven't

Susan has not taught French for twelve years.  = Susan não ensinou francês por 12 anos.

has not = hasn't


Interrogative Form


Na frase interrogativa, começa-se a oração com o HAVE ou HAS acompanhado imediatamente do sujeito. Em seguida acrescenta-se o verbo principal conjugado no particípio passado.

to have + Subject +  past participle + ?

Have you worked here since 1998 or 1997 ? = Você tem trabalhado aqui desde 1998 ou 1997 ?

Has Susan taught English or French for twelve years ? = Susan ensinou inglês ou francês por 12 anos ?


Exercices

1) Supply the Present Perfect Tense of the verbs in parentheses. = Forneça o Pretérito Perfeito Composto dos verbos entre parêntesis.

a) I ______ _________ that soap opera (novela) many times. (to see) 
b) ______ Vicktoria _________ her bag to work ? (to carry)
c) ______ you _________ to São Fidélis lately ? (to be)
d) Martha ______ _________ a new technology in her company. (to develop = desenvolver)
e) The children ______ _________ piano many times. (to play)
f) The child ______ _________ its milk lately. (to drink)
g) ______ those women _________ you an e-mail ? (to send = enviar)
h) Man ______ ______ _________ vegetables recently. (not to eat)
i) These men ______ ______ _________ those exercices. (not to finish = terminar) 
j) That woman ______ ______ _________ her purse. (not to lose)

2) Make sentences using the Present Perfect Tense. = Faça orações com o Pretérito Perfeito Composto do Indicativo.

a) I / not / study / English / yet. _____________________________
b) Susan / be / to Italy / recently? ___________________________
c) We / work / in Brazil / since 2008. ________________________
d) The baby / cry / all night long ? __________________________
e) Lisa and Sharon / not / do / their homework. _______________
f) Maggie / write / many postcards. _________________________
g) You / spend / much money since 2010 ? ___________________
h) The girls / tell / you lies recently. _________________________
i) That girl / not / teach / English for 2 years. __________________
j) Man / have headache at work lately ? ______________________

3.   Write the suitable form of the verbs (past participle) in the parentheses to complete the poem. = Escreva a forma adequada dos verbos (particípio passado) entre parêntesis para completar o poema.

Have you ever ...

Augusto Gonçalves Ribeiro

   ___________ a horse riding freely and elegantly                                (to see = ver)

___________ a rose blooming silently and glamorously                       (to observe)

___________ its perfume and understood its reason                           (to feel = sentir)

___________ a drop of water falling from a leaf                                       (to see)

___________ the grass so lively and so wet                                    (to smell = cheirar)

___________ a group of birds flying so harmoniously                             (to observe)

and sometimes singing so peacefully

___________ to understand the animal’s organization system            (to try = tentar)

___________ the cows, ducks, hens, and others in a farm           (to feed = alimentar)

___________ the love of  your precious pet                                           (to admire)

___________ at the Sun and admired its Light, Power and Life         (to look = olhar)

___________ the tune of the waves in the ocean                                   (to observe)

___________ attention to the clouds above your head                        (to pay = pagar)

___________ the early morning breeze                                      (to breathe = inspirar)

___________ the wind moving your hair, touching your body.                 (to feel)

When I am down and seriously hurt

Of course, I cry emotionally hard

But I try to disguise.

First, I smile to give myself strength again

Secondly, I try to feel comfort

At last, I join the broken pieces again

                                               and follow my destiny without hurry.